Over the course of the semester we have learned multiple things in physical science. We have learned about atoms and bonding between them, acids, bases, and solutions, and motion. That does not even cover all that we have learned this year in science.
When we learned about atoms and how they bond we also learned about valence electrons and what they are. Valence electrons are the electrons that have the highest energy level in an atom. Ionic bonds, covalent bonds, and metallic bonds are the three ways that atoms can bond. An ionic bond is when two ions that have opposite charges are attracted to each other. A chemical bond where two atoms share their electrons is called a covalent bond. When a positive metal ion is attracted to all the electrons surrounding it a metallic bond forms.
Acids, bases, and solutions were also a part of what we learned. Such as, dilute solutions (a mixture with only a little solute dissolved in a certain amount of solvent) and concentrated solutions(a mixture that has a lot of solute dissolved in a solvent.) Some acids are described as corrosive meaning they “wear away” other materials. The differences between acids and bases are: acids taste sour, react with metals and carbonates, and they turn blue litmus paper red. Bases taste bitter, feel slippery, don’t react with metals and carbonates, and they turn red litmus paper blue. So bases are generally described as the opposite of acids. Lemons and vinegar are examples of acids while many detergents and shampoos are bases.
When you think of acceleration you probably would describe it as the process of speeding up, but in science it refers to increasing speed, decreasing speed, or changing direction. For instance, when you skate around a skating rink at a constant speed, you probably think you are not accelerating. It might surprise you, but you actually are accelerating because you are changing your direction. When you are on a plane and you are landing you are suddenly flung forward when the plane hits the ground right? Then it takes a while for the plane to come to a complete stop. You are still accelerating because you are decreasing your speed, another term for this is decelerating. To find the speed of something you have to know the distance it went and the time. Then you divide:distance over time will equal your speed. Suppose two people are racing and person A is going slower than person B. On the last lap person A has a greater instantaneous speed(the speed at that particular instant) than person B. Person B would still win the race because person B had a faster average speed. So the person with the greatest average speed will win the race.
During the school year we have learned many things about physical science. Learning about atoms and how they bond, acids, bases, and solutions, and motion are just a few of the many things we have learned this year and are going to learn.